Table of Contents
Preamble
Chapter I: General provisions
Article 1 – Object and purpose
Article 2 – Artificial intelligence systems
Article 3 – Scope
Chapter II: General obligations
Article 4 – Protection of human rights
Article 5 – Integrity of democratic processes and respect for rule of law
Chapter III: Principles related to activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems
Article 6 – General approach
Article 7 – Human dignity and individual autonomy
Article 8 – Transparency and oversight
Article 9 – Accountability and responsibility
Article 10 – Equality and non-discrimination
Article 11 – Privacy and personal data protection
Article 12 – Reliability
Article 13 – Safe innovation
Chapter IV: Remedies
Article 14 – Remedies
Article 15 – Procedural safeguards
Chapter V: Assessment and Mitigation of Risks and Adverse Impacts
Article 16 – Risk and impact management framework
Chapter VI: Implementation of the Convention
Article 17 – Non-discrimination
Article 18 – Rights of persons with disabilities and of children
Article 19 – Public consultation
Article 20 – Digital literacy and skills
Article 21 – Safeguard for existing human rights
Article 22 – Wider protection
Chapter VII: Follow-up mechanism and co-operation
Article 23 – Conference of the Parties
Article 24 – Reporting obligation
Article 25 – International co-operation
Article 26 – Effective oversight mechanisms
Chapter VIII: Final clauses
Article 27 – Effects of the Convention
Article 28 – Amendments
Article 29 – Dispute settlement
Article 30 – Signature and entry into force
Article 31 – Accession
Article 32 – Territorial application
Article 33 – Federal clause
Article 34 – Reservations
Article 35 – Denunciation
Article 36 – Notification
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Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law
Final draft framework convention, March 2024
As published on 20 March 2024.
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Preamble
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666 words
The member States of the Council of Europe and the other signatories hereto,
1.
Considering that the aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve greater unity between
its members, based in particular on respect for human rights, democracy and the rule
of law;
2.
Recognising the value of fostering co-operation between the Parties to this Convention
and of extending such co-operation to other States sharing the same values;
3.
Conscious of the accelerating developments in science and technology and the
profound changes brought about through activities within the lifecycle of artificial
intelligence systems which have the potential to promote human prosperity as well as
individual and societal well-being, sustainable development, gender equality, and the
empowerment of all women and girls, and other important goals and interests, by
enhancing progress and innovation;
4.
Recognising that activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems may offer
unprecedented opportunities to protect and promote human rights, democracy and the
rule of law;
5.
Concerned that certain activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems
may undermine human dignity and individual autonomy, human rights, democracy and
the rule of law;
6.
Concerned about the risks of discrimination in digital contexts, particularly those
involving artificial intelligence systems, and their potential effect of creating or
aggravating inequalities including those experienced by women and individuals in
vulnerable situations, as regards the enjoyment of their human rights and their full,
equal and effective participation in economic, social, cultural and political affairs;
7.
Concerned by the misuse of artificial intelligence systems and opposing the use of
such systems for repressive purposes, in violation of international human rights law,
including through arbitrary or unlawful surveillance and censorship practices that erode
privacy and individual autonomy;
8.
Conscious of the fact that human rights, democracy and the rule of law are inherently
interwoven;
9.
Convinced of the need to establish, as a matter of priority, a globally applicable legal
framework setting out common general principles and rules governing the activities
within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems effectively preserving the shared
values and harnessing the benefits of artificial intelligence for the promotion of these
values in a manner conducive to responsible innovation;
10. Recognising the need to promote digital literacy, knowledge about, and trust in the
design, development, use and decommissioning of artificial intelligence systems;
11. Recognising the framework character of the Convention which may be supplemented
by further instruments to address specific issues relating to the activities within the
lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems;
12. Underlining that the present Convention is intended to address specific challenges
which arise throughout the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems, and encourage
the consideration of wider risks and impacts related to these technologies including,
but not limited to, human health and the environment, and socio-economic aspects
including employment and labor;
13.
Noting relevant efforts to advance international understanding and co-operation on
artificial intelligence by other international and supranational organisations and fora;
14.
Mindful of applicable international human rights instruments, such as the 1948
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 1950 Council of Europe Convention for the
Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the 1966 United Nations
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the 1966 United Nations
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the 1961 European
Social Charter, as well as their respective protocols, and the 1996 Revised European
Charter;
15.
Mindful also of the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the
2006 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities;
16.
Mindful also of the privacy rights of individuals and the protection of personal data, as
applicable and conferred, for example, by the 1981 Council of Europe Convention for
the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data and
its protocols;
17.
Affirming the commitment of Parties to protecting human rights, democracy and the
rule of law, and fostering trustworthiness of artificial intelligence systems through this
Convention;
Have agreed as follows:
Chapter I: General provisions
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566 words
Article 1 – Object and purpose
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141 words
1.
The provisions of this Convention aim to ensure that activities within the lifecycle of
artificial intelligence systems are fully consistent with human rights, democracy and the rule of
law.
2.
Each Party shall adopt or maintain appropriate legislative, administrative or other
measures to give effect to the provisions set out in this Convention. These measures shall be
graduated and differentiated as may be necessary in view of the severity and probability of
the occurrence of adverse impacts on human rights, democracy and the rule of law throughout
the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems. This may include specific or horizontal measures
that apply irrespective of the type of technology used.
3.
In order to ensure effective implementation of its provisions by its Parties, this
Convention establishes a follow-up mechanism and provides for international co-operation.
Article 2 – Artificial intelligence systems
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63 words
For the purposes of this Convention, “artificial intelligence system” is a machine-based system
that for explicit or implicit objectives, infers, from the input it receives, how to generate outputs
such as predictions, content, recommendations, or decisions that may influence physical or
virtual environments. Different artificial intelligence systems vary in their levels of autonomy
and adaptiveness after deployment.
Article 3 – Scope
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358 words
1.
The scope of this Convention covers the activities within the lifecycle of artificial
intelligence systems that have the potential to interfere with human rights, democracy and rule
of law as follows:
a.
Each Party shall apply the Convention to the activities within the lifecycle of artificial
intelligence systems undertaken by public authorities, or private actors acting on their
behalf.
b.
Each Party shall address risks and impacts arising from activities within the lifecycle of
artificial intelligence systems by private actors to the extent not covered in
subparagraph (a) in a manner conforming with the object and purpose of the
Convention.
Each Party shall specify in a declaration submitted to the Secretary General of the
Council of Europe at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of
ratification, acceptance, approval or accession how it intends to implement this
obligation, either by applying the principles and obligations set forth in Chapters II to
VI of the Framework Convention to activities of private actors or by taking other
appropriate measures to fulfil the obligation set out in this paragraph. Parties may, at
any time and in the same manner, amend their declarations.
When implementing the obligation under this subparagraph, a Party may not derogate
from or limit the application of its international obligations undertaken to protect human
rights, democracy and rule of law.
2.
A Party shall not be required to apply this Convention to the activities within the lifecycle
of artificial intelligence systems related to the protection of its national security interests, with
the understanding that such activities are conducted in a manner consistent with applicable
international law, including international human rights law obligations, and with respect for its
democratic institutions and processes.
3.
Without prejudice to Article 13 and Article 25, paragraph 2, this Convention shall not
apply to research and development activities regarding artificial intelligence systems not yet
made available for use, unless testing or similar activities are undertaken in such a way that
they have the potential to interfere with human rights, democracy and the rule of law.
4.
Matters relating to national defence do not fall within the scope of this Convention.
Chapter II: General obligations
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Article 4 – Protection of human rights
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44 words
Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures to ensure that the activities within the lifecycle
of artificial intelligence systems are consistent with obligations to protect human rights, as
enshrined in applicable international law, and in its domestic law.
Article 5 – Integrity of democratic processes and respect for rule of law
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1.
Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures that seek to ensure that artificial
intelligence systems are not used to undermine the integrity, independence and effectiveness
of democratic institutions and processes, including the principle of separation of powers,
respect for judicial independence, and access to justice.
2.
Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures that seek to protect its democratic
processes in the context of activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence system,
including individuals’ fair access to and participation in public debate, as well as their ability to
freely form opinions.
Chapter III: Principles related to activities within the lifecycle of
artificial intelligence systems
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421 words
Article 6 – General approach
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38 words
This Chapter sets forth general common principles that each Party shall implement in regards
to artificial intelligence systems in a manner appropriate to its domestic legal system and the
other obligations of this Convention.
Article 7 – Human dignity and individual autonomy
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Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures to respect human dignity and individual
autonomy related to activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems.
Article 8 – Transparency and oversight
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54 words
Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures to ensure that adequate transparency and
oversight requirements tailored to the specific contexts and risks are in place in respect of
activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems, including with regards to the
identification of content generated by artificial intelligence systems.
Article 9 – Accountability and responsibility
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Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures to ensure accountability and responsibility for
adverse impacts on human rights, democracy and the rule of law resulting from activities within
the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems.
Article 10 – Equality and non-discrimination
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1.
Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures with a view to ensuring that activities
related to the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems respect equality, including gender
equality, and the prohibition of discrimination, as provided under applicable international and
domestic law.
2.
Each Party undertakes to adopt or maintain measures aimed at overcoming
inequalities to achieve fair, just and equitable outcomes, in line with its applicable domestic
and international human rights obligations, in relation to activities within the lifecycle of artificial
intelligence systems.
Article 11 – Privacy and personal data protection
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66 words
Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures to ensure that as regards activities within the
lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems:
a.
privacy rights of individuals and personal data are protected, including through
applicable domestic and international laws, standards, and frameworks;
b.
effective guarantees and safeguards have been put in place for individuals, in line
with applicable domestic and international legal obligations.
Article 12 – Reliability
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Each Party shall take, as appropriate, measures to promote reliability of artificial intelligence
systems and trust in their outputs, which could include requirements related to adequate
quality and security throughout the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems.
Article 13 – Safe innovation
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52 words
With a view to fostering innovation, while avoiding adverse impacts on human rights,
democracy and the rule of law, each Party is called upon to enable, as appropriate, the
establishment of controlled environments for developing, experimenting and testing artificial
intelligence systems under the supervision of its competent authorities.
Chapter IV: Remedies
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251 words
Article 14 – Remedies
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1. Each Party shall, to the extent remedies are required by its international obligations and
consistent with its domestic legal system, adopt or maintain measures to ensure the
availability of accessible and effective remedies for violations of human rights resulting
from the activities within the lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems.
2. With the aim of supporting paragraph 1 above, each Party shall adopt or maintain
measures including:
a.
measures to ensure that relevant information regarding artificial intelligence
systems which have the potential to significantly affect human rights and their
relevant usage is documented, provided to bodies authorised to access that
information and, where appropriate and applicable, made available or
communicated to the affected persons;
b.
measures to ensure that the information referred to in paragraph (a) is sufficient
for the affected persons to contest the decision(s) made or substantially informed
by the use of the system, and, where relevant and appropriate, the use of the
system;
c.
an effective possibility for persons concerned to lodge a complaint to competent
authorities.
Article 15 – Procedural safeguards
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1.
Each Party shall ensure that, where an artificial intelligence system significantly
impacts upon the enjoyment of human rights, effective procedural guarantees, safeguards and
rights, in accordance with the applicable international and domestic law, are available to
persons affected thereby.
2.
Each Party shall seek to ensure that, as appropriate for the context, persons interacting
with artificial intelligence systems are notified that they are interacting with such systems rather
than with a human.
Chapter V: Assessment and Mitigation of Risks and Adverse
Impacts
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Article 16 – Risk and impact management framework
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283 words
1.
Each Party shall, taking into account the principles set forth in Chapter III, adopt or
maintain measures for the identification, assessment, prevention and mitigation of risks posed
by artificial intelligence systems by considering actual and potential impacts to human rights,
democracy and the rule of law.
2.
Such measures shall be graduated and differentiated, as appropriate, and should:
a.
take due account of the context and intended use of artificial intelligence systems,
in particular as concerns risks to human rights, democracy, and the rule of law;
b.
take due account of the severity and probability of potential impacts;
c.
consider, where appropriate, the perspectives of relevant stakeholders in
particular persons whose rights may be impacted;
d.
apply iteratively throughout the activities within the lifecycle of the artificial
intelligence system;
e.
include monitoring for risks and adverse impacts to human rights, democracy, and
the rule of law;
f.
include documentation of risks, actual and potential impacts, and the risk
management approach;
g.
require, where appropriate, testing of artificial intelligence systems before making
them available for first use and when they are significantly modified;
3.
Each Party shall adopt or maintain measures that seek to ensure that adverse impacts
of artificial intelligence systems to human rights, democracy, and the rule of law are adequately
addressed. Such adverse impacts and measures to address them should be documented and
inform the relevant risk management measures described in paragraph 2.
4.
Each Party shall assess the need for a moratorium or ban or other appropriate
measures in respect of certain uses of artificial intelligence systems where it considers such
uses are incompatible with the respect of human rights, the functioning of democracy or the
rule of law.
Chapter VI: Implementation of the Convention
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264 words
Article 17 – Non-discrimination
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31 words
The implementation of the provisions of this Convention by the Parties shall be secured
without discrimination on any ground, in accordance with their international human rights
obligations.
Article 18 – Rights of persons with disabilities and of children
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46 words
Each Party shall, in accordance with its domestic law and applicable international obligations,
take due account of any specific needs and vulnerabilities in relation to respect of the rights of
persons with disabilities and of children.
Article 19 – Public consultation
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Each Party shall seek to ensure that important questions raised in relation to artificial
intelligence systems are, as appropriate, duly considered through public discussion and multi-
stakeholder consultation in the light of social, economic, legal, ethical, environmental and other
relevant implications.
Article 20 – Digital literacy and skills
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Each Party shall encourage and promote adequate digital literacy and digital skills for all
segments of the population, including specific expert skills for those responsible for the
identification, assessment, prevention and mitigation of risks posed by artificial intelligence
systems.
Article 21 – Safeguard for existing human rights
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Nothing in this Convention shall be construed as limiting, derogating from, or otherwise
affecting the human rights or other related legal rights and obligations which may be
guaranteed under the relevant laws of a Party or any other relevant international agreement
to which it is a Party.
Article 22 – Wider protection
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None of the provisions of this Convention shall be interpreted as limiting or otherwise affecting
the possibility for a Party to grant a wider measure of protection than is stipulated in this
Convention.
Chapter VII: Follow-up mechanism and co-operation
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810 words
Article 23 – Conference of the Parties
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419 words
1.
The Conference of the Parties shall be composed of representatives of the Parties to
the Convention.
2.
Parties shall consult periodically with a view to:
a.
facilitating the effective use and implementation of this Convention, including
the identification of any problems and the effects of any reservation made in
pursuance of Article 34 or any declaration made under this Convention;
b.
considering the possible supplementation or amendment of the Convention;
c.
considering matters and making specific recommendations concerning the
interpretation and application of this Convention;
d.
facilitating the exchange of information on significant legal, policy or
technological developments of relevance, including in pursuit of the objectives
of Article 25, for the implementation of this Convention;
e.
facilitating, where necessary, the friendly settlement of disputes related to the
application of this Convention;
f.
facilitating co-operation with relevant stakeholders, including where appropriate
through public hearings concerning pertinent aspects of the implementation of
the Convention.
3.
The Conference of the Parties shall be convened by the Secretary General of the
Council of Europe whenever the latter finds it necessary and in any case when a majority of
the Parties or the Committee of Ministers requests its convocation.
4.
The Conference of the Parties shall adopt its own rules of procedure by consensus
within 12 months of the entry into force of this Convention.
5.
Parties shall be assisted by the Secretariat of the Council of Europe in carrying out
their functions pursuant to this article.
6.
The Conference of the Parties may propose to the Committee of Ministers appropriate
ways to engage relevant expertise in support of the effective implementation of the
Convention.
7.
Any Party which is not a member of the Council of Europe shall contribute to the
funding of the activities of the Conference of the Parties. The contribution of a non-Council of
Europe member shall be established jointly by the Committee of Ministers and that non-
Council of Europe member.
8.
The Conference of the Parties may decide to restrict the participation in its work of a
Party that has ceased to be a member of the Council of Europe under Article 8 of the Statute
of the Council of Europe for a serious violation of Article 3 of the Statute. Similarly, measures
can be taken in respect of any Party non-member State of the Council of Europe concerned
by a decision of the Committee of Ministers ceasing its relations with it on grounds similar to
those mentioned in Article 3 of the Statute.
Article 24 – Reporting obligation
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1.
Each Party shall provide a report to the Conference of the Parties within the first two
years after becoming a Party and then periodically thereafter with details of the activities
undertaken to give effect to Article 3, paragraph 1, subparagraphs (a) and (b).
2.
The Conference of the Parties shall determine the format and the process for the report
in accordance with its rules of procedure.
Article 25 – International co-operation
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1.
Parties shall co-operate in the realisation of the purpose of this Convention. Parties are
further encouraged to, as appropriate, assist States that are not Party to this Convention in
acting consistently with the terms of this Convention and becoming Party to it.
2.
Parties shall, as appropriate, exchange relevant and useful information between
themselves concerning aspects related to artificial intelligence which may have significant
positive or negative effect on the enjoyment of human rights, the functioning of democracy
and the observance of rule of law, including risks and effects that have arisen in research
contexts and in relation to the private sector. Parties are encouraged to, as appropriate,
involve relevant stakeholders and States that are not Parties to this Convention in such
exchange of information.
3.
Parties are encouraged to strengthen co-operation, including where appropriate with
relevant stakeholders, to prevent and mitigate risks and adverse impacts on human rights,
democracy and the rule of law in the context of activities within the lifecycle of artificial
intelligence systems.
Article 26 – Effective oversight mechanisms
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1.
Each Party shall establish or designate one or more effective mechanisms to oversee
compliance with the obligations in the Convention.
2.
Each Party shall ensure that such mechanisms exercise their duties independently and
impartially and that they have the necessary powers, expertise and resources to effectively
fulfil their tasks of overseeing compliance with the obligations in the Convention, as given
effect by the Parties.
3.
In case a Party has provided for more than one such mechanism, it shall take
measures, where practicable, to facilitate effective co-operation among them.
4.
In case a Party has provided for mechanisms different from existing human rights
structures, it shall take measures, where practicable, to promote effective co-operation
between the mechanisms referred to in paragraph 1 and those existing domestic human rights
structures.
Chapter VIII: Final clauses
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Article 27 – Effects of the Convention
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138 words
1.
If two or more Parties have already concluded an agreement or treaty on the matters
dealt with in this Convention or have otherwise established their relations on such matters,
they shall also be entitled to apply that agreement or treaty or to regulate those relations
accordingly, so long as they do so in a manner which is not inconsistent with the object and
purpose of this Convention.
2.
Parties which are members of the European Union shall, in their mutual relations, apply
European Union rules governing the matters within the scope of this Convention, without
prejudice to the object and purpose of the present Convention and without prejudice to its full
application with other Parties. The same applies to other Parties to the extent that they are
bound by such rules.
Article 28 – Amendments
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164 words
1.
Amendments to this Convention may be proposed by any Party, the Committee of
Ministers of the Council of Europe or the Conference of the Parties.
2.
Any proposal for amendment shall be communicated by the Secretary General of the
Council of Europe to the Parties.
3.
Moreover, any amendment proposed by a Party, or the Committee of Ministers, shall
be communicated to the Conference of the Parties, which shall submit to the Committee of
Ministers its opinion on the proposed amendment.
4.
The Committee of Ministers shall consider the proposed amendment and any opinion
submitted by the Conference of the Parties and may approve the amendment.
5.
The text of any amendment approved by the Committee of Ministers in accordance
with paragraph 4 shall be forwarded to the Parties for acceptance.
6.
Any amendment approved in accordance with paragraph 4 shall come into force on
the thirtieth day after all Parties have informed the Secretary General of their acceptance
thereof.
Article 29 – Dispute settlement
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56 words
In the event of a dispute between Parties as to the interpretation or application of this
Convention, they shall seek a settlement of the dispute through negotiation or any other
peaceful means of their choice, including through the Conference of the Parties, as provided
for in Article 23, paragraph 2, subparagraph (e).
Article 30 – Signature and entry into force
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1.
This Convention shall be open for signature by the member States of the Council of
Europe, the non-member States which have participated in its elaboration and the European
Union.
2.
This Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval. Instruments of
ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Secretary General of the
Council of Europe.
3.
This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the
expiration of a period of three months after the date on which five Signatories, including at
least three member States of the Council of Europe, have expressed their consent to be bound
by the Convention in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2.
4.
In respect of any Signatory which subsequently expresses its consent to be bound by
it, the Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of
a period of three months after the date of the deposit of its instrument of ratification,
acceptance or approval.
Article 31 – Accession
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1.
After the entry into force of this Convention, the Committee of Ministers of the Council
of Europe may, after consulting the Parties to this Convention and obtaining their unanimous
consent, invite any non-member State of the Council of Europe which has not participated in
the elaboration of the Convention to accede to this Convention by a decision taken by the
majority provided for in Article 20.d of the Statute of the Council of Europe, and by unanimous
vote of the representatives of the Parties entitled to sit on the Committee of Ministers.
2.
In respect of any acceding State, the Convention shall enter into force on the first day
of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of deposit of
the instrument of accession with the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.
Article 32 – Territorial application
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1.
Any State or the European Union may, at the time of signature or when depositing its
instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, specify the territory or territories
to which this Convention shall apply.
2.
Any Party may, at a later date, by a declaration addressed to the Secretary General of
the Council of Europe, extend the application of this Convention to any other territory specified
in the declaration. In respect of such territory the Convention shall enter into force on the first
day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of receipt
of the declaration by the Secretary General.
3.
Any declaration made under the two preceding paragraphs may, in respect of any
territory specified in such declaration, be withdrawn by a notification addressed to the
Secretary General of the Council of Europe. The withdrawal shall become effective on the first
day of the month following the expiration of a period of three months after the date of receipt
of such notification by the Secretary General.
Article 33 – Federal clause
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1.
A federal State may reserve the right to assume obligations under this Convention
consistent with its fundamental principles governing the relationship between its central
government and constituent states or other similar territorial entities, provided that the
Convention shall apply to the central government of the federal State.
2.
With regard to the provisions of this Convention, the application of which comes under
the jurisdiction of constituent states or other similar territorial entities, that are not obliged by
the constitutional system of the federation to take legislative measures, the federal
government shall inform the competent authorities of such states of the said provisions with
its favourable opinion, encouraging them to take appropriate action to give them effect.
Article 34 – Reservations
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1.
By a written notification addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe,
any State may, at the time of signature or when depositing its instrument of ratification,
acceptance, approval or accession, declare that it avails itself of the reservation provided for
in Article 33, paragraph 1.
2.
No other reservation may be made in respect of this Convention.
Article 35 – Denunciation
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1.
Any Party may, at any time, denounce this Convention by means of a notification
addressed to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe.
2.
Such denunciation shall become effective on the first day of the month following the
expiration of a period of three months after the date of receipt of the notification by the
Secretary General.
Article 36 – Notification
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248 words
The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall notify the member States of the Council
of Europe, the non-member States which have participated in its elaboration, the European
Union, any Signatory, any contracting State any Party, and any other State which has been
invited to accede to this Convention, of:
a.
any signature;
b.
the deposit of any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval, or
accession;
c.
any date of entry into force of this Convention in accordance with Article 30,
paragraphs 3 and 4, and Article 31, paragraph 2;
d.
any amendment adopted in accordance with Article 28 and the date on which
such an amendment enters into force;
e.
any reservation and withdrawal of reservation made in pursuance of Article 34;
f.
any denunciation made in pursuance of Article 35;
g.
any other act, declaration, notification or communication relating to this
Convention.
In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto, have signed this
Convention.
Done in [place], this … day of [month] 202[4], in English and in French, both texts being equally
authentic, in a single copy which shall be deposited in the archives of the Council of Europe.
The Secretary General of the Council of Europe shall transmit certified copies to each member
State of the Council of Europe, to the non-member States which have participated in the
elaboration of the Convention [enjoy observer status with the Council of Europe], to the
European Union and to any State invited to [sign or] accede to this Convention.
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